Works cited

  1. Dan Richardson, “Within The Fontanka,” in The Rough Guide to St. Petersburg (n.p.: Rough Guide, 2008), 113.
  2. Jewish Community of St. Petersburg, “History Of The Grand Choral Synagogue Of Saint-Petersburg,” Jewish Community of St. Petersburg, accessed April 25, 2019.
  3. Shalom Pewzner, interview by the author, Grand Choral Synagogue, Saint Petersburg, Russia, June 16, 2019.
  4. Pewzner, interview by the author.
  5. “History Of The Grand Choral Synagogue,” Jewish Community of St. Petersburg.
  6. Pewzner, interview by the author.
  7. “History Of The Grand,” Jewish Community of St. Petersburg.
  8. Ibid.
  9. Benjamin Nathans, “Conflict, Community, and the Jews of Late Nineteenth-Century St. Petersburg,” Jahrbücher Für Geschichte Osteuropas 44, no. 2 (1996): 209.
  10. Richard Hellie and Geoffrey Alan Hosking, “Russia,” Encyclopedia Britannica, last modified December 14, 2019, accessed December 17, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/place/Russia.
  11. “History Of The Grand,” Jewish Community of St. Petersburg.
  12. Pewzner, interview by the author.
  13. Nathans, “Conflict, Community,” 184.
  14. MICHAEL BEIZER, and מיכאל בייזר. “האם היה סיכוי לרפורמה ביהדות בקרב יהודי רוסיה ברבעון הראשון של המאה ה- 20? דוגמת פטרבורג-לנינגרד / RELIGIOUS REFORM: AN OPTION FOR THE JEWS OF RUSSIA IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 20TH CENTURY? EXAMPLE OF ST. PETERSBURG-LENINGRAD.” Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies / דברי הקונגרס העולמי למדעי היהדות יב (1997): 199*-208*. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23535862, 201.
  15. Ibid, 199, 202.
  16. Traditional Jewish weddings were held outside under a chuppah
  17. Beizer “האם היה ”,202
  18.  Richardson, “Within The Fontanka,” 113.
  19.  Beizer “האם היה ”,202
  20.  Ibid, 200.
  21.  Nathans, “Conflict, Community,” 209.
  22. “History Of The Grand,” Jewish Community of St. Petersburg.
  23. Pewzner, interview by the author.
  24.  Ibid.
  25.  “History Of The Grand,” Jewish Community of St. Petersburg.
  26. Nathans, “Conflict, Community,” 211.
  27. “History Of The Grand,” Jewish Community of St. Petersburg.
  28.  Paul Dixon, “Religion in the Soviet Union,” In defence of October, last modified April 17, 2006, accessed August 6, 2019, http://www.marxist.com/religion-soviet-union170406.htm.
  29. Dixon, “Religion in the Soviet,” In defence of October.
  30. Beizer “האם היה ”,203
  31. Dixon, “Religion in the Soviet,” In defence of October.
  32. Beizer “האם היה ”,205.
  33.  Ibid, 208.
  34. “History Of The Grand,” Jewish Community of St. Petersburg.
  35.  Elena Nosenko-Stein, “Inventing a ‘New Jew’’: The Transformation of Jewish Identity in Post- Soviet Russia,” in The New Jewish Diaspora, ed. Zvi Gitelman (n.p.: Rutgers University Press, 2016), 199-201.
  36. Pewzner, interview by the author.
  37.  Beizer “האם היה ”,204
  38. Ibid, 202.
  39. Ibid, 205.
  40. History Of The Grand,” Jewish Community of St. Petersburg.
  41. Ibid.
  42. Pewzner, interview by the author.
  43. Ibid.
  44. “History Of The Grand,” Jewish Community of St. Petersburg.
  45. Pewzner, interview by the author.
  46. “History Of The Grand,” Jewish Community of St. Petersburg.
  47. Richardson, “Within The Fontanka,” 113.
  48. Many members of the Jewish community of St. Petersburg get dual citizenship with Israel. Pewzner, interview by the author.
  49. Ibid.
  50. Nosenko-Stein, “Inventing a ‘New Jew’,” 202, 202-207.
  51. Pewzner, interview by the author.
  52. Nosenko-Stein, “INVENTING A ‘NEW,” 201.
  53.  Pewzner, interview by the author.
  54.  Ibid.
  55. “History Of The Grand,” Jewish Community of St. Petersburg.
  56. Pewzner, interview by the author.
  57. Ibid.
  58. Nathans, “Conflict, Community,” 209.
  59. Nosenko-Stein, “INVENTING A ‘NEW,” 198.
  60.  Pewzner, interview by the author.

 

Bibliography

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